hbase命令集（shell 命令，如建表，清空表，增删改查）

创建时间：2016-07-13 投稿人：浏览次数：112

　两篇可以参考的文章，讲的不错

http://www.cnblogs.com/nexiyi/p/hbase_shell.html

(http://blog.iyunv.com/wulantian/article/details/41011297)
　　==============================
hbase web操作

访问地址 http://hmaster:60010，
hmaster的ip配置在$HBASE_HOME/conf/hbase-site.xml中
ip映射成主机名，在env/hosts中配置（在windows系统中的C:WindowsSystem32driversetc目录下的hosts文件中配置）

hbase shell 操作：

进入hbase console：hbase shell
help查看基本命令集合
list看库中所有表
status 查看当前运行服务器状态
version 版本号

1）建表

语法：create <table>, {NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}
语句：
hbase(main):004:0> exists "test"
hbase(main):005:0> create "test","cf"
hbase> create "t1", {NAME => "f1", VERSIONS => 5}
hbase> create "t1", {NAME => "f1"}, {NAME => "f2"}, {NAME => "f3"}
省略模式建立列族
hbase> create "t1", "f1", "f2", "f3"
指定每个列族参数
hbase> create "t1", {NAME => "f1", VERSIONS => 1, TTL => 2592000, BLOCKCACHE => true}
hbase> create "t1", "f1", {SPLITS => ["10", "20", "30", "40"]}
hbase> create "t1", "f1", {SPLITS_FILE => "splits.txt"}
hbase> # Optionally pre-split the table into NUMREGIONS, using
hbase> # SPLITALGO ("HexStringSplit", "UniformSplit" or classname)
hbase> create "t1", "f1", {NUMREGIONS => 15, SPLITALGO => "HexStringSplit"}
设置不同参数，提升表的读取性能。
create "lmj_test",
{NAME => "adn", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "fixeddim", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "social", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"}
每个参数属性都有性能意义，通过合理化的设置可以提升表的性能
create "lmj_test",
{NAME => "adn", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "fixeddim",BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "social",BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0",COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", BLOCKCACHE => "false"}

2）建好表后，查看表结构：describe

得出
{NAME => "lmj_test",
FAMILIES =>
[
{NAME => "adn", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "fixeddim", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"},
{NAME => "social", DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => "NONE", BLOOMFILTER => "ROWCOL", REPLICATION_SCOPE => "0", COMPRESSION => "SNAPPY", VERSIONS => "1", TTL => "15768000", MIN_VERSIONS => "0", KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => "false", BLOCKSIZE => "65536", ENCODE_ON_DISK => "true", IN_MEMORY => "false", BLOCKCACHE => "false"}
]
}

3）清空表：truncate ‘lmj_test’
4）删除表：

      分两步，首先disable "lmj_test"，然后drop "lmj_test"

5）修改表结构：先disable后enable

      alter "t1", {NAME => "f1"}, {NAME => "f2", METHOD => "delete"}
例如：修改表test1的cf的TTL为180天
hbase(main)> disable "test1"
hbase(main)> alter "test1",{NAME=>"body",TTL=>"15552000"},{NAME=>"meta", TTL=>"15552000"}
hbase(main)> enable "test1"

6）对表中记录的操作（4种行操作）

put 增加一行
put "t1", "r1", "c1", "value", ts1
put "lmj_test","00001","adn:adn_3","aaa",1432483200000
put "lmj_test","00001","fixeddim:appcategory_1","1",1432483200000
put "lmj_test","00001","fixeddim:interest_15","100",1432483200000
get查询对应数据(可以指定行、列族、列、版本)
get "lmj_test","000000104257464",{TIMESTAMP=>1432483200000}
delete 删除数据
删除指定行中指定列：
delete <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>(必须指定列名，删除其所有版本数据)
delete "lmj_test","000000104257464","f1:col1"
删除整行数据（可不指定列名）：
deleteall <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>
deleteall "lmj_test","000000104257464"
scan 扫描全表，指定过滤条件，返回对应行
scan "lxw_hbase", {LIMIT => 1}
其他条件继续添加在大括号中
以上4个操作类是 org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client的子类，参考官网API查看详细信息
count统计表中记录数
count "lxw_hbase", {INTERVAL => 100, CACHE => 500}
#每100条显示一次，缓存区为500

7）表操作权限

给用户分配对每个表的操作权限，有RWXCA五种，对应READ, WRITE, EXEC, CREATE, ADMIN
grant "liu_mja","RW","lxw_hbase" #分配给用户liu_mja表lxw_hbase的读写权限
还可以查看权限
user_permission "lxw_hbase"
收回权限
revoke "liu_mja","lxw_hbase"

8）命名空间

关系数据库系统中，命名空间namespace是表的逻辑分组,同一组中的表有类似的用途。
以下引自：http://blog.iyunv.com/wulantian/article/details/41011297
hbase的表也有命名空间的管理方式，命名空间的概念为即将到来的多租户特性打下基础：
配额管理（ Quota Management (HBASE-8410)）：限制一个namespace可以使用的资源，资源包括region和table等；
命名空间安全管理（ Namespace Security Administration (HBASE-9206)）：提供了另一个层面的多租户安全管理；
Region服务器组（Region server groups (HBASE-6721)）：一个命名空间或一张表，可以被固定到一组 regionservers上，从而保证了数据隔离性。
命名空间可以被创建、移除、修改。
建表时可以指定命名空间，格式如下：<namespace>:<table>
#Create a namespace
create_namespace "my_ns"
#create my_table in my_ns namespace
create "my_ns:my_table", "fam"
#drop namespace
drop_namespace "my_ns"
#alter namespace
alter_namespace "my_ns", {METHOD => "set", "PROPERTY_NAME" => "PROPERTY_VALUE"}
预定义的命名空间：
有两个系统内置的预定义命名空间
hbase 系统命名空间，用于包含hbase的内部表
default 所有未指定命名空间的表都自动进入该命名空间
使用默认的命名空间
#namespace=default and table qualifier=bar
create "bar", "fam"
指定命名空间
#namespace=foo and table qualifier=bar

create "foo:bar", "fam"

原文网址：http://www.iyunv.com/thread-130713-1-1.html

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